The Neoliberalism of Human Trafficking - 2565 Words

EN 354 Final Paper Human Trafficking: A Neoliberal Problem Requiring a Neoliberal Solution There are many different meanings to the term globalization, yet the constant throughout each meaning is the fact that globalization creates interconnectedness among citizens of the world that has not been experienced at such levels previously. Globalization as a theory is often applauded because it allows for a diffusion of knowledge as well as an increase in opportunities for most people. It does indeed create vast amounts of opportunities for both genders, yet it is biased to developed and industrialized nations. Globalization is hugely discriminatory against unskilled workers, most prominently women and children. In most countries, women†¦show more content†¦Females who are deceived into being trafficked often do so in order to become employed. Through its offering of better opportunities, neoliberalism promotes a breeding ground for human trafficking. In her well-informed discussion of neoliberalism , Sarah Baab discusses how neoliberalism does not affect poor countries as much as it does wealthy countries. She states, â€Å"Most global trade and foreign direct investment occur among wealthy countries, rather than between wealthy and poor nations. Wealth and power continue to have their privileges, although there is no doubt that some of these privileges have been eroded for non-elites in developed countries† (Ritzer and Atalay, 131). Baab is correct when considering the legal trade that occurs in vast amounts due to neoliberalism. Her flaw in her argument is that she fails to take into account the illegal trades that thrive due to neoliberalism, at times producing the majority of wealth for developing countries. Drug trafficking, sex trafficking, labor trafficking, and the smuggling of illegal goods occur between all countries, not just the rich and the poor. In fact, the wealthier states are making developing countries richer, and thus more powerful through their impor tation of goods such as illegal drugs and human beings. There is a huge risk for society associated with a country gaining its wealth through something as despicable as the tradeShow MoreRelatedTrafficking of Humans1152 Words   |  5 PagesIn article 3, paragraph (a) of The Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children, human trafficking is defined as the â€Å"recruitment, transportation, transfer, harbouring or receipt of persons, by means of the threat or use of force or other forms of coercion, of abduction, of fraud, of deception, of the abuse of power or of a position of vulnerability or of the giving or receiving of payments or benefits to achieve the consent of a person having controlRead MoreWar On Drugs : A Comparative Analysis Of Human Rights Violation1339 Words   |  6 PagesApril 2016 War on drugs or a war on people ? A comparative analysis of human rights violation in Latin America Ever since the War on Drugs campaign began there has been a more complex relationship between the U.S and Latin America. While the media portrays the U.S as providing aid to Latin America to combat such issues, the U.S is also seen as a victim in the war on drugs. Over the course of the war on drugs numerous human rights violations have been reported. In some Latin American countriesRead MoreEssay on Globalization and Human Trafficking 1957 Words   |  8 PagesTrafficking in human beings is now the fastest-growing business of organized crime. Men, women and children are trafficked within their own countries and across international borders. More than one person is smuggled across a border every minute which is the equivalent to ten jumbo jets every single day. And the trade earns twice as much as the Coca Cola brand. (STOP THE TRAFFIK 2014) According to estimates, more than 700,000 people are trafficked every year for the purposes of sexual exploitationRead MoreIn the 21st century, significant researchers, organizations and policy makers are advocating the1600 Words   |  7 Pagesview has contributed to only exposing an ever-present but hidden crime (Carson, 2011; Griffiths, 2010). Yet there are equally opposing views that challenge the modern paradigms, such as the perplexing definition of sex slaves, the influence of neoliberalism behind policy framework and the consideration of influential factors such as capitalism and social status (Molland, 2010; Smith, 2011). This paper seeks to critically examine the context of contemporary sex slavery in Australia, enquire into motivationsRead MoreThe Trafficking Of Sex Trafficking2280 Words   |  10 Pages Sex trafficking makes up the primary focus of anti-trafficking media campaigns and legislative measures. While these initiatives have been successful in arousing public concern and creating anti-trafficking legislation, many contend that they do more harm than good. On the one hand, these initiatives have been able to utilize anti-sex trafficking hysteria to make tangible gains in anti-trafficking legislation. Places that serve as destinations for trafficked sex workers such as Sweden and the NetherlandsRead MoreEssay about Corruption and Neoliberalism in the Philippines2905 Words   |  12 Pagesa previous paper I discuss the issue of the accuracy, reliability, and focus of poverty measurements and the development discourse itself, but there are larger factors at play as well. In this paper, I discuss how the history of corruption and neoliberalism, two contested but highly influential issues, have negatively impacted development as a whole in the Philippines and perpetuated the po verty of its population. According to a recent poll by the online periodical The Philippine Star, an overwhelmingRead MoreUrban Growth Of Urban Development2377 Words   |  10 Pagesurbanization in Asia. Rio De Janeiro, the capital of Brazil, is gradually heading towards a complete urbanized environment; today’s statistics present a case where the majority of the Brazilian population lives in urban areas (Beall and Fox 2007). Neoliberalism has played a fundamental role in engineering the urbanized mega-city environment. Its ideological basis is â€Å"belief in the self-regulating capacity of the market, and correlatively the need to restrict the scope of action of the state† (Radice 2008:Read MoreThe Effects Of Increased Privatization Of Health Care On Africa As A Result Of Loan Conditionalities Imposed1583 Words   |  7 PagesIsmi stated in his 2004 report that SAPs have subjected the â€Å"Third World countries to horrendous levels of poverty, unemployment, malnutrition, illiteracy and economic decline.† Main criticisms of SAPs revolve around its role as an instrument of neoliberalism fueling expanding inequality and increased social tensions (3) which contra dicts the Alma Ata principle of â€Å"health for all†. Health-related consequences of SAPs can be most prominently demonstrated by increased privatization of healthcare, increasedRead MoreHalf the Sky Feminist Review2943 Words   |  12 Pagesschools or assisting grassroots movements.† (Kristof/WuDunn, 2009, p. 66). This concept of attempting to change cultures in third world countries (no matter how oppressive they are) is considered wrong by some feminists and stigmatized as Western neoliberalism and colonialism. Half the Sky argues that in America it was not the various pro-civil rights amendments passed that brought equality for blacks and defeated a dominant culture of racism; it was the grassroots civil rights movement that trulyRead MoreThe Toronto Anti Violence Intervention Strategy1564 Words   |  7 Pages neighbourhood characteristics, immigrant concentration). For instance, Papachristos, Meares, Fagan (2012) propose that young people from neighborhoods saturated with criminal associates and opportunities for gang-related activities and drug trafficking, more likely to become young offenders. The perceived legitimacy of the risk factors, in turn, increases public compliance with legal authorities—the belief that behavior of young people needs to come into line with societal norms, values, and rules

Who Am I As A Reader - 1446 Words

Who am I as a reader? Throughout this semester I had the opportunity to read interesting literary works also to think of the subjects that the authors addressed and of the techniques used in their presentation, which meant an interesting experience for me and I consider myself literary enriched. What impressed me most of all works studied, was the theme of irony, flipped in works like Desiree’s Baby, and The Story of An Hour, by Kate Chopin and The Open Boat, by Stephen Crane. As a reader, you can imagine the end of the story in a certain way, naturally, assumed by anyone, but at the end, you are surprised by a tragic, unfortunate finish. Also, I must admit that I was deeply impressed by Shirley Jackson’s work, The Lottery. I always opted for the tradition to be carried on in the family and in society, but reading this work, I realized that we often inherit bad habits for ourselves and our families and that it is important for young generation to pay attention to what k ind of habits they inherited from previous generation, because sometimes, there traditions can bring not only physical death like in Jackson’s story, but also moral or social death. In the two stories of Chopin, both, Louise in The Story of An Hour, and Desiree in Desiree’s Baby, are two women who are struggling in their marriages. Both loved their husbands, but one wanted freedom, and one was forced to freedom. Each woman s outcome satisfied no one, not even the reader. In The Story of An Hour,Show MoreRelatedReflection Essay797 Words   |  4 PagesWhen I write, I believe one of my strengths is that I am able to generate logical perspectives and strong conclusions. I am able to analyze the literature and relate to it in many different ways. In the compare and contrast essay I wrote, Oliver conveys a tone of remembrance by juxtaposing the old burn-dump this waste place and this secret garden. I am able to apply literary terms and analyze how the author uses them to enhance their writing. In the same essay, I stated, By using short, conciseRead MoreI Am Tourist1512 Words   |  7 Pages The poem I Am Tourist deals with the meaning and significance of tourism; particularly focussing on the modern take on what is a tourist. Adrian Mitchell presents the point of a ignorant tourist, and shows their lack of connection to the foreign land through the use of various literacy techniques such as imagery. The poems purpose is to let us witness the typical touristss shallow mindset, lack of respect to the culture and misplacing of priorities. It is written in first person narrative whichRead MoreDo Not Stand At My Grave And Weep By Mary Elizabeth Frye1383 Words   |  6 PagesThe poem I chose to do a close reading essay on was, â€Å"Do Not Stand At My Grave And Weep† by Mary Elizabeth Frye. â€Å"Mary Elizabeth Frye (1905-2004) is an American poet who remains known today for a single poem-a sonnet of just twelve lines-but it may be the most popular poem in the English language. â€Å"Do not stand at my grave and weep† is a consoling Holocaust poem and elegy wi th an interesting genesis, since it was written by a Baltimore housewife who lacked a formal education and had quite never writtenRead MoreEngl 105 Essay902 Words   |  4 Pagespossible, I must write her a memo that documents the problem and provides possible suggestions for solving the problem. Good! Reader Analysis: Who is my primary reader(s)? Penny Hyatt Who is my secondary reader(s)? The secondary readers will be the people who work at the corporate level. Excellent grip on primary and secondary readership! Respond to the following for both primary and secondary readers: What characteristics (reading style, personality traits, etc.) do I know aboutRead MoreA Christmas Carol Analysis707 Words   |  3 Pagesa story about a man who is stingy, rude and solitary. His name is Scrooge, and he gets taught many lessons. Scrooge comes out a changed man who is optimistic and happy. The lessons he gets taught is not only for him but also for Dickens readers. Throughout this text, there many situations where usual readers can relate to. In other parts of the text, there are moments that are rare and have a massive impact on Scrooges life. A Christmas Carols messages are for the readers because Scrooge is aRead MorePoem Analysis : I Am Trans1401 Words   |  6 Pagesdoes the poem â€Å"I am Trans†. Written by a young transgender woman herself, the poem brings clear view to the kinds of threats those who are transgender face in their day to day lives. Heather (last name not provided) is our coordinator, our author so to speak, while we’re being tug ged along line by line of each tragic tale of the wrong done to real transgender individuals. When I say real, I truly do mean the lines provided give the actual stories of those transgender individuals who have been targetedRead MoreFor The Sake Of This Final Research Proposal, I Would Only1135 Words   |  5 Pagesthis Final Research Proposal, I would only report my findings in Sasha’s responses. These findings are reported in three mayor themes: (1) Beliefs about Reading, (2) Beliefs about Themselves as Readers, and (3) Translanguaging as a Transaction Strategy. Beliefs about Reading From Sasha’s responses, it is possible to notice that her beliefs about what good readers do is grounded in her understanding of how a story should be told. For Sasha, good readers are those who bring emotions to the act ofRead More Lessons about Writing in the Works of Various Artists1469 Words   |  6 PagesMost recently, I have read several powerful essays in Exploring Language, by Gary Goshgarian, which give straightforward advice about becoming a better writer. One such essay is ?Writing for an Audience,? by Linda Flower. She believes that a good piece of writing closes the gap between the reader and the writer. Another essay that I will be looking at is Getting Started,? by Anne Lamott. She believes that good writing is about telling the truth. Patricia T. O?Conner wrote an interesting essayRead MoreBusiness Writing Essay1222 Words   |  5 Pageswriter’s repertoire that will help carry you through your graduate program? Discussion I Professor and Class, What an interesting five weeks. I am so happy we’re almost done! Five weeks ago, I struggle with getting started on writing. Today, I feel my writing skills have improved tremendously. I no longer struggle with getting started and I feel I am a much stronger writer compared to five weeks ago. I think the best advice I’d obtained from Flood and Thomas was being able to communicateRead MoreEssay on Accepting the Extraordinary in Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein1618 Words   |  7 Pagesdictated by predictable and ordinary elements. However, through fiction I am transported into a world of boundless imagination and extraordinary themes. One such example is evident in my response to Mary Shelley’s gothic novel Frankenstein. Through fiction, Shelley invites the reader to accept the extraordinary. Firstly, we are led to believe that Victor Frankenstein is able to create life by shocking it with electricity, and to this I responded with an imaginative curiosity. But it was the consequences

Multiple causes downed the challenger Free Essays

The United States has always been proud of its space exploration endeavors.   NASA’s programs have always led the world in technology and performance.   In 1970, NASA began its Shuttle program which was meant to create reusable space shuttles rather than one-use shuttles. We will write a custom essay sample on Multiple causes downed the challenger or any similar topic only for you Order Now    They were successful in producing four models:   Columbia, Challenger, Discovery and Atlantis.   All was going well for NASA and its space shuttle program until January of 1986 when the Challenger exploded 73 seconds into the flight, killing all the crew. Since then, the shuttle program has been besieged by controversy, much of it stemming over the causes of the Challenger explosion.   Basically, reports and research now indicates that the explosion was caused by a deadly combination of mechanical failure and human miscalculation and poor decision-making. The Challenger liftoff was plagued with foreboding problems long before it actually was launched.   Initially, liftoff was scheduled for 3:43 pm on January 22, 1986.   However, delays in both scheduling and weather forecasts forced it back nearly a week.   During the last day of delays, a small closing fixture was malfunction, so it was replaced.   Additionally, a module which detects fire was found to be malfunctioning; the crew fixed it as well before the shuttle finally lifted off into space, and then exploded (Green 2007). Officially, the investigative report pointed to a faulty â€Å"O-ring† seal in the solid-fuel rocket.   This faulty seal combined with the very cold weather to allow hot gas to leak into the hole.   Rocket flames were then able to penetrate the fuel tank and catch fire causing the booster rocket to break off of the shuttle and pierce the fuel tank.   The liquid hydrogen and oxygen then ignited, causing the Challenger to explode (Green 2007). A nation stood in horror as media broadcasts replayed the chilling scene over and over again. However, this mechanical failure did not receive the weight of the blame.   As the Reagan-ordered investigation continued, several human factors were uncovered in this tragedy.   For years, NASA’s programs had, like many other agencies, been forced to cut manpower and money from its programs. One researcher, James Sigler of the U.S. Naval Institute, noted that at the height of the shuttles missions, â€Å"NASA’s leaders were emphasizing the importance of safety, while their personnel cutbacks sent other signals† and cites NASA’s motto –   faster, better, cheaper – as meaning that â€Å"cost efficiency goals [became] elevated to the level of†¦ safety goals† (Sigler, 2007). Fewer men and less money meant more work for those that did remain with fewer resources.   In fact, â€Å"the accident investigations in the wake of the Challenger disaster decried the paucity of resources allocated to support NASA’s objectives† (Sigler, 2007).   Clearly, there was too much work and not enough manpower, resources, parts, or money to meet all of the objectives. Yet, despite these conditions, some engineers did warn NASA officials about the fateful launch.   Many engineers voiced concerns about the extremely cold temperatures and the possibility that the equipment could fail.   Apparently, two NASA officials were told of these concerns well before the flight: Joseph Kilminster had overruled five of his own engineers when they argued on a telephone conference call the night before the launch that the conditions were unsafe. The subfreezing temperatures at Cape Canaveral, the engineers told Kilminster, could cause a failure in the O-rings that protect the joints of Thiokol’s solid rocket motors, which could lead to an explosion. The concerns were also rejected by NASA manager Lawrence Mulloy, who was in charge of the solid rocket boosters and was listening in on the debate   (Vartabedian, 2003). Sadly, this is exactly what happened.   Both officials are now retired from NASA. Of course, this sad occurrence goes beyond the doubtful opinions of two men.   It seemed that the entire attitude of NASA had suffered a bit of egoism. According to investigators, NASA, at that time, seemed to be â€Å"blinded by its ‘Can-Do’ attitude, a cultural artifact†¦ that was inappropriate in a †¦ program so strapped by schedule pressures and shortages that spare parts had to be cannibalized from one vehicle to launch another† (Sigler, 2003).   James Oberg, a former NASA engineer, agrees:   â€Å"NASA managers made a bad call for the launch decision, and engineers who had qualms about the O-rings were bullied or bamboozled into acquiescence† (2006).   The men who knew the truth were asked to remain silent to preserve NASA’s reputation. It is rare that one cause can be attributed to a disaster as horrible as the Challenger explosion.   Here, investigators did find a mechanical failure, but soon learned that this failure had been detected.   Instead, the decision-makers chose to ignore the advice of engineers in an effort to preserve the already late launch date.   As a result, the explosion set up a new level of safety for NASA. â€Å"The entire space shuttle program was grounded during the Space Shuttle Challenger Commission’s investigation and did not resume flying until shuttle designers made several technical modifications and NASA management implemented stricter regulations regarding quality control and safety† (Green, 2007).   On September 28, 1988, the shuttle missions started again with the flight of the shuttle Discovery.   Sadly, the entire tragedy had to be revisited with the 2003 explosion of the shuttle Columbia.   Hopefully, the lessons learned can be applied to future decisions in the NASA shuttle program. REFERENCES Greene, N. (2007). Challenger Disaster – A NASA Tragedy.   About.com.   Retrieved 12 December 2007 from http://space.about.com/cs/challenger/a/challenger.htm   Oberg, J. (2006).   7 Myths about the Challenger shuttle disaster. MSNBC.   January 27. Retrieved 11 December 2007 from http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/11031097/ Sigler, J. (2007). Repeating NASA’s Deadly Mistakes. U.S. Naval Institute Proceedings 133.9: 48-52 Vartabedian, R. (2003). The Nation; Forgotten Lessons of Challenger Seen as Haunting NASA; Retired space officials say today’s managers must, as a first step, take blame for Columbia loss. Los Angeles Times. Jul 28, 2003: A.1       How to cite Multiple causes downed the challenger, Essay examples

Research Proposal Impact of Corporate Governance on Organization

Question: Discuss about the Research Proposal on Impact of Corporate Governance on Organizational Performance. Answer: Introduction Corporate governance can be defined as the ways in which a corporation or a business is governed i.e. it facilitates in managing and directing the companies. Moreover it can also be referred to as the process of carrying out the business as per the desire of the stakeholders and the corporate governance is mainly carried out by the board of directors and the concerned committees in order to achieve an effective balance between the individual goals and the societal goals together with balancing the social and the economic goals (Hirschey et al., 2007). Thus it can be said that with ineffective corporate governance, the organizations fail in achieving their goals, aims and objectives which ultimately leads to the organizational failure. Thus taking into consideration the above aspects, it has been observed that corporate governance of the companies have gained much importance over the past decades and this can also be related to events of high profile corporate collapses in case of HIH insurance and One.Tel in Australia. So as a result of these incidents, the Australian Stock Exchange (ASX) released a document named under Principles of Good Corporate Governance and Best practice Recommendations and it emphasizes upon providing strict guidelines in the context of the implementation of the practices related corporate governance for the maximization of the value with the help of innovation, entrepreneurship, exploration and development. So it can be said that corporate governance drives the organizations to be fair and ethical in their practices and approach taking into consideration its involvement with the extensive group of stakeholders that include the suppliers, the government, the shareholders and the customers a nd the employees (Mallin, 2008). Thus it facilitates the business organization to develop an effective structure and adopt efficient processes for facilitating and monitoring effective management that include the mechanisms towards ensuring legal compliance and avoiding improper and unlawful behavior. Thus the researcher in the present study would strive towards gaining an understanding of the concept of corporate governance and analyzing whether corporate governance is related to the organizational performance in the context of Woolworths Ltd which is a major Australian company operating in the retail industry across New Zealand and Australia. Moreover the company is also the largest takeaway liquor retailer in Australia (Woolworths, 2012). The company has its headquarter at Bella Vista in New South Wales in Australia and it is the second largest retailer in Australia and New Zealand in terms of revenue. Research background Corporate governance has been put forward as a relationship that exists between the management of the company, the board of directors, the shareholders and the other stakeholders. Corporate governance in the past few decades has emerged as a major issue in the business organizations and thus taking into consideration these issues, there have been various legislative changes and the provisions that have been implemented on business organizations across the globe so that the governance arrangements can be improved and enhanced (Hill, 2008). This has made it compulsory on the part of the business organizations to abide by these policies and provisions so that the maximization of the value on the part of the shareholders can be ensured by making an effective use of the resources that are available to the business, enhancing the ability to have an easy access to the capital and thus enhancing the confidence of the investors (Farrer and Ramsay, 2008). So it is observed that corporate gover nance not only takes into consideration only the internal organizational conditions, it also emphasizes upon the external organizational conditions and thus providing a way regarding how the business organizations need to be managed in an efficient manner to respond efficiently to the external conditions. So the researcher would emphasize upon how corporate governance leads the organization towards efficiently managing the external as well the internal conditions to lead the organization towards success in the context of Woolworths Ltd. Research Rationale The impact of corporate governance on the maximization of the value on the part of the shareholders has emerged as a topic of interest and from the early researches this has been established. But despite of the acceptance of the role of corporate governance, the studies failed in providing a detailed conclusion in the context of the extent to which the individual monitoring mechanisms strive towards enhancing the value of the shareholders and the performance of the firm. So this motivated the researcher to undertake the study and analyze the ways in which corporate governance facilitates the management and the business to enhance the value of shareholders and the performance on the firm. However, the study would be limited to a particular organization i.e. Woolworths Ltd operating in the retail industry in Australia. Problem Statement With the passage of time, developments in the business environment have taken place and changes on the part of the stakeholders have taken place in the ways in which they tend to look upon the business organization. So at present the stakeholders demands the business organizations to be fair and ethical in their approach in both their and external operations and it has also been proved that it facilitates the business organizations to have a good brand image in the market and enhanced business profitability with customer loyalty (Hirschey et al., 2007). So in order to achieve this, there are certain factors that need to be taken into consideration and among the concerned factors corporate governance is the most essential factors. Thus the problem that has been unidentified by the researcher for the particular study is the role of corporate governance in enhancing the firm performance and maximizing the shareholders value. Research Aim and Objectives The researcher in the present study would emphasize upon analyzing the role of corporate governance and thus the entire study would be observed to be revolving around the following objectives: To analyze the factors associated with corporate governance in the context of Woolworths Ltd. To analyze the impact of corporate governance on organizational performance in the context of Woolworths Ltd. To recommend towards enhancing the corporate governance. Literature Review Introduction As per the studies conducted Newton, (2015), corporate governance can be defined as the ways in which the business organization is managed together with reflecting the corporate and the other structures of the organization, organizational culture and its strategies and policies and the ways in which the stakeholders are managed. Thus from the above it can be identified that corporate governance can be looked upon as a culture of the business that strives to foster economic growth through enhancing the confidence on the part of the stakeholders. Moreover on the other hand, Treichler, (2007) put forward the fact that corporate governance can also be looked upon as a totality of the organizational and the institutional mechanisms that also takes into consideration the intervention, the decision making and the control rights that facilitates the business organizations in efficiently managing the conflicts of interest that tend to exit among the stakeholders. Thus from the above it can be inferred that the management of the organizations are involved in taking various decisions but the quality of decisions that are taken by the directors of the company does not depend only upon the attitude of the directors towards adopting the right course of actions but it also depends upon the extent to which these resolutions are similar or in harmony to the long term goals on the part of the stakeholders. Factors of Corporate Governance Effectiveness of the Board Taking into consideration the board effectiveness in business organizations, it has been observed that it involves various factors like the structure of the board, board composition, board size, independence of directors and the performance. So in this context, studies of (Baxt et al., 2002) have revealed the fact that it is expected that a board with limited size should perform more efficiently in comparison to the board which is bigger in size since small size leads to enhanced communication and thus effective decision making leading to enhanced organizational performance. CEO Duality It has been put forward by the studies conducted by Baysinger Butler, (2008) that independent leadership is more effective in comparison to the organizations that practice CEO duality. Audit Quality Higher quality level of audit tends to for a major part of the governance mechanism and thus the audit committee and the auditors tend to play a major role in looking after the financial management of the company that leads to enhanced performance on the part of the business organization (Baysinger Hoskisson, 2009). However it has also be observed that even though there exist an effective link between the governance, the audit quality and financial performance, audit quality has relationship with dividend yield and not with the operating performance of the organization. Social Responsibility Corporate social responsibility in the present times have emerged as an increasing need for the business organizations since they have to involve in high level interaction with the different stakeholders and also with the society at a large (Hunnicutt, 2009). So if they tend to behave ethically and fairly then it would facilitate the business organization in sending or communicating the right message to the different stakeholders and thus it would facilitate in developing a positive perception of the stakeholders towards the company which would ultimately lead to enhanced organizational performance and brand image. The Australian Securities Exchange (ASX) Corporate Governance Councils Principles The ASX, in the context of the corporate governance of the business organizations operating in Australia tends to play a major role and there have been 10 core principles that have been laid down by ASX for effective corporate governance. These principles tend to act as guidelines for the business organizations and are also not intended to be authoritarian and this is because a business organization in Australia enjoys the flexibility of not adopting the principles if it is felt by the company that the principle is not appropriate in a particular circumstance (Bebchuk et al., 2008). However it is mandatory on the part of the business organizations to disclose in their annual statement the extent to which they have been successful in abiding by the best and the recommendations that have been put forward by ASX Corporate Governance Council and if they have adopted any alternative approaches, then it is mandatory they are justified. Moreover the roles of the management and the board are also stated by the ASX Corporate Governance principles by maintaining an effective balance of the experience, skills and the independence that is appropriate to the extent and the nature of the operations of the business organization (Atmaja, 2009). The 10 core principles can be listed as follows: Recognizing and publishing the roles and responsibilities of the board of directors of the organization. The business organization should be characterized with a board that is effective in terms of size, commitment and ability to discharge their responsibilities and duties. The organizations should emphasize upon promoting ethical decision making. Should be characterized with an organizational structure for efficiently verifying and safeguarding the integrity of the financial reporting of the business organization. The firm should strive towards prompting the balanced disclosures of materials (Svensson and Wood, 2007). The rights of the shareholders should be respected and they should be allowed to practice those rights. The company should have an effective risk management system to identify the potential risks and take necessary measures. The company should be involved in fairly reviewing the activities and strive towards enhancing the management and board effectiveness. Ensuring fair and just remuneration (Shekhar and Stapledon, 2007). Recognizing the legal obligation together with the other obligations towards the stakeholders. Conceptual Framework [Source: Self] Thus in the present study the researcher would analyze the concept of corporate governance in the context of aspects like the size of the board, CEO duality, independence of directors, audit quality and others and how these factors makes a significant impact on the organizational performance . So corporate governance factors would be considered as independent variable and the performance would be considered as a dependent variable.Research MethodologyResearch methodology helps the researcher to evaluate and analyze the collected data and information in most effective manner (Hair and Money, 2011). Thereby his aid in gaining and establishing a standardized procedure in order to evaluate and conduct the research so that every information and data that has been collected by the researcher is focused upon when needed. Research philosophy Research philosophy helps the researcher in order to develop skills and knowledge most effective and successful manner while conducting the research. There are three types of research philosophies are available and these are the realism philosophy, positivism philosophies and interpretivism philosophies. The interpretivism philosophy provides the thoughts that the social world of the management and organization is multifaceted since they are formulated in rules and regulations. The positivism philosophies offer effective opportunities to the researcher to analyze the outcomes with using an effective statistic tools and techniques (VanderStoep and Johnson, 2009). This philosophy also offers the researcher to collect most relevant information and data related with the present research topic that has been accepted for the study. In addition to this realism philosophy is based on the person attitude and values are mutually dependent to each other. Justification The primary purpose of the present research is to evaluate and analyze the role of corporate governance in organizational performance and maximization of value on the part of the shareholders in the context of the Woolworths Ltd. Therefore taking into consideration the facts and observation the researcher would use positivism philosophy since the quantitative data would be involved in the study and the researcher would also adopt the realism philosophy since qualitative data would be involved. Research Approach Research approach gives an explanation to the progress pattern of the research that has been adopted by the researcher. The researcher mainly has two approaches to follow namely the deductive approach and the inductive approach. In the process of deductive approach the researcher formulates and evaluates the data and information on the basis of the available theories (Saunders et al., 2009). On the basis of various data collected by the researcher, the researcher rejects or confirms the data and information and resolves the issue. The deductive approach follows the positivism philosophy assisting the researcher to reach at specific situations. In the deductive approach the researcher make use of observed data and information, here there is no predetermined theory to help the researcher to collect the relevant data or information to test the collected data and information (Morgan, 2007). Here in the deductive approach the researcher make use of real life observation to produce subjective reasoning to make the hypothesis. Justification The researcher would adopt the inductive approach since the study would be based mainly upon the research objectives that have been set and so in this particular study the researcher would emphasize upon moving from the particular experiences to more general form of the propositions so analyze the role of corporate governance. Data Collection Data and information plays an important roles and using an effective data and information researcher gain an accurate outcomes (Cooper and Schindler, 2010). Thus to conduct research most effective and appropriate manner researcher would collect both primary and secondary data. In addition researcher would implement a mix approach that would include both the quantitative and qualitative data collection methods. Primary and Secondary data Primary data refers to the fresh data that is collected by the researcher. The primary data are the most relevant and it involves a lot of time to be collected and the procedure is lengthy on the other hand the secondary data are the data that has already been collected for other research and thus guiding the research work. The primary data would be collected directly with help of the survey questionnaire method and face to face interview method and the secondary data would be collected from various online and offline sources, like online journals, websites and from library sources. Qualitative and Quantitative data The data which would be collected for the research are again classified into quantitative and qualitative data. The researcher would analyze the responses of the target audience depending upon the pattern of the collected data. Qualitative data refers to the detail form of response that are narrative whereas Quantitative data refers to the numerical data that are recorded statically by using statistical tools (Crowther and Lancaster, 2012). Example of a Qualitative Data-respondents choice likes and dislikes, etc, Example of Quantitative Data-age, salary, etc. The Qualitative Data in the particular study would be collected by conducting interview method where a particular set of questions would be asked to the managers. The Quantitative would be collected by conducting a survey with help of a questionnaire targeting the employees from the organization. Sampling Choice and Sample Size The researchers would use the probabilistic sampling technique to select the employees for the survey since it would facilitate them with equal chance of participation and the researcher would use the non-probabilistic sampling technique to select the managers since their participation would depend upon their busy schedule (Saunders et al., 2009). The researcher would target 4 managers for interview and 40 employees for the survey. Data Analysis The qualitative data would be analyzed with help of conceptualization method by the researcher which would provide him the opportunity to compare the emerging themes with the previous theories. The quantitative data i.e. the response of the employees would be analyzed with statistical tools and techniques with the help of use of MS excel, bar char and pie chart. Research limitations The researcher would face both the time and financial constraint for the study. This is because the study is cross-sectional in nature, so time would be major constraint and it would involve lot of traveling expenses, expenses to purchase the materials and the other requirements for the study (Saunders et al., 2009). Research Ethics The researcher would share the details of the research among the respondents to maintain the ethics of the research. The details would be shared among the participants and respondents to explain them the purpose of the research. The data collected by the researcher would be mainly used for the academic purpose (Cameron, 2009). Confidentiality of the data collected from managers and employees would be maintained by the researcher. Time table Sep Oct Nov Dec Week 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 Activity 1. Final aim and objectives 2. Meeting with supervisor 3. Literature review 4. Designing research methodology 5. Design of research instrument 6. Data collection 7. Data analysis 8. Write up and final submission Possible Outcome It is expected that corporate governance tend to lead the organization towards enhanced performance and there would be positive relationship between the firm performance and corporate governance. References Ali, S. (2006). Corporate Governance and Stock Liquidity in Australia: A Pitch.SSRN Electronic Journal. Atmaja, L. (2009). Governance mechanisms, simultaneity and firm value in Australia.International Journal of Corporate Governance, 1(3), p.241. 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